Photorefractive properties of MnO and Fe2O3 co-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals

In this paper, photorefractive properties of MnO and Fe2O3 co-doped near stoichiometric LiNbO3 (SLN) crystals are studied. The SLN crystals were co-doped with 0.005 wt.% Fe2O3 and MnO at the concentration of 0, 0.003, 0.005, and 0.01 wt.%, respectively. The crystals have been grown by the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method by adding K2O flux to Li2O–Nb2O5 melt. Their structures are analyzed by the UV–vis spectra and IR spectra. The recording and erasure curves were measured by the two-wave coupling experiments with He–Ne laser. From the recording and erasure curves at the incident angle of 25° in the air, diffraction efficiency, writing time, erasure time, the dynamic range (M/#), and sensitivity (S) of the crystals were measured and calculated.