Dynamic scaling of hysteresis dispersion in ferroelectrics

The dynamic hysteresis of three representative ferroelectric Pb(Ti0.48Zr0.52)O3 (PZT), Bi2Sr2Ta5O9 (SBT) and Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) thin films and one 1-3 Pb0.95La0.05TiO3 (PLT)/polymer composites, measured using the Sawyer–Tower (ST) method, is summarized, focusing on the dependence of the hysteresis area as a function of the amplitude E0 and frequency f of the external electric field E. It is found that the one-parameter scaling of the single-peaked hysteresis dispersion applies to the three types of ferroelectric thin films and a Ginzburg–Landau (GL) model system where the domain reversal can be kinetically described by a unique characteristic time. It is confirmed by all of the three ferroelectric systems that the effective characteristic time for the domain reversal is inversely proportional to the field amplitude, while this scaling does not work for the composite system.