Gertrude Rempfer and the development of high resolution focused ion beam technology

High resolution focused ion beam (FIB) technology depends on electrostatic optics. As a longtime researcher on electrostatic optics Dr. Gertrude Rempfer has had a great impact not only on the development of FIB technology but, as a result, also on several technology areas dependent on it. This paper provides a brief description of how that came about.