Multi-scale performance of carbon microfiber reinforced cement-based composites exposed to a decalcifying environment

The effect of decalcification on the fiber–cement interface and, in turn, on the compressive and splitting tensile behavior of carbon microfiber (CF) reinforced cement-based composites was studied. The CFs were added to Portland cement (PC) pastes and PC pastes with 10% silica fume (SF). Exposure to ammonium nitrate solution was used to accelerate decalcification. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and derivative thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the microstructural and morphological alterations within the composites and at the fiber–cement interface. Results showed a strong coupling between decalcification, microstructural evolution of the composite and of the fiber–cement interface, and the composite mechanical properties. Preferential leaching around the fibers occurred in the PC composite, resulting in debonding of the fibers and a greater loss of strength. Addition of SF to the mix slowed the degradation process, stabilized the fiber–cement interface during decalcification, and reduced the loss of strength. The loss of strength in the SF composites was primarily due to the loss of cohesion of the paste and not due to debonding of the fibers as occurred for the PC composites.