Infiltration, penetration resistance and microphytic crust composition in contrasted microsites within a Mediterranean semi-arid steppe

In semi-arid areas with sparse vegetation cover, runoff generated in the open areas is crucial for the maintenance of vegetated patches. Microphytic crusts play a major role in this redistribution of water, thus influencing ecosystem functioning and dynamics. We investigated the effects of alpha grass (Stipa tenacissima L.) on the composition of the microphytic crusts, surface soil compaction, and infiltration in a semi-arid steppe of SE Spain. The microphytic crust composition differed between the upslope of S. tenacissima tussocks (tussock microsites) and the inter-tussock areas with sparse vascular plant cover (open microsites), with more moss cover in the tussock microsite, and more cyanobacteria and lichens in the open microsite. The surface soil compaction was higher in the open microsite. Variables related with infiltration showed a clear microsite effect, with higher infiltration rate and less time required by first drop to percolate in the tussock microsite. Partial correlation analysis showed a significant negative relationship between the cyanobacteria cover and the infiltration rate, and both the cyanobacteria cover and the percentage of bare soil showed a significant positive relationship with the time required for first drop to percolate. Our results reinforce the idea that open microsites act as sources of water for S. tenacissima tussocks. This study helps to understand the interactions between microphytic crusts and vascular plants in semi-arid environments.