Matter effects with very long baselines at the Neutrino Factory

We examine the physics prospects of a neutrino oscillation experiment to be performed at the Neutrino Factory with a very long baseline in the range of 6500 km. We consider νe⇝νμ oscillations within a three-flavor oscillation framework. Evidence for this oscillation implies that the 1–3 mixing is non-zero. We study the effect of the neutrino propagation through matter (MSW effect). Given the density of the Earth, the existence of the MSW resonance can be experimentally proven by comparing the oscillated spectra of neutrinos obtained from the decays of muons of positive and negative charges. Moreover, a precision study of the oscillations of all three flavors could be performed since neutrinos are above the tau production threshold (appearance searches).