Title of article
The development of vacuum phototriodes for the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter
Author/Authors
Bell، نويسنده , , K.W. and Brown، نويسنده , , R.M. and Cockerill، نويسنده , , D.J.A. and Flower، نويسنده , , P.S. and Hobson، نويسنده , , P.R. and Imrie، نويسنده , , D.C. and Kennedy، نويسنده , , B.W. and Lintern، نويسنده , , A.L. and Pattison، نويسنده , , C.A.X. and Sproston، نويسنده , , M. and Williams، نويسنده , , J.H.، نويسنده ,
Issue Information
روزنامه با شماره پیاپی سال 2001
Pages
18
From page
29
To page
46
Abstract
A new generation of vacuum phototriodes (VPTs) has been developed for application in the end-cap sub-system of the crystal electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) for the CMS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). These VPTs must operate with high reliability for at least 10 years in an extremely hostile environment. Results are presented from an extensive programme of tests, demonstrating that the required properties of significant gain in a 4 T magnetic field, resistance to ionising radiation, and stable operation with large photocurrents can all be satisfied in a robust, compact, inexpensive device.
Journal title
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Serial Year
2001
Journal title
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A
Record number
2192335
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