Impact of iron-reducing bacteria on the properties of argillites in the context of radioactive waste geological disposal

The presence of indigenous microorganisms in deep clayey geological formations raises the issue, regarding radioactive waste geological disposal, of the influence of bacterial activity on the confinement properties of materials, including the clayey host rock. Iron-reducing bacteria (IRB) activity is assessed in batch experiments in the presence of argillite samples from an in situ experimental laboratory at Tournemire (Aveyron, France). The results show the availability of structural Fe(III) from the clay minerals for biochemical reactions (bioreduction). In laboratory conditions, a significant impact of IRB on the alteration of clay minerals, mainly the illite–smectite mixed layer (I–Sm), is indeed observed. Such reactions may locally modify the physicochemical conditions and the stability of clay minerals (essentially smectites) prevailing in such deep facilities. More generally, bacterial activity could play an important role on clay mineral alteration and in situ experiments need to be performed in order to quantify the reaction rates and show the representative of these phenomena in the framework of the safety assessment of waste disposal.