The compaction of time-dependent viscous granular materials considering inertial forces

In the present paper, compactions of time-dependent viscous granular materials are simulated step by step using the automatic adaptive mesh generation schemes. Inertial forces of the viscous incompressible aggregates are taken into account. The corresponding conservation equations, the weighted-integral formulations, and penalty finite element model are investigated. The fully discrete finite element equations for the simulation are derived. Polygonal particles of aggregates are simplified as mixed three-node and four-node elements. The automatic adaptive mesh generation schemes include contact detection algorithms, and mesh upgrade schemes. Solu–tions of the numerical simulation are in good agreement with some results from literatures. With minor modification, the proposed numerical model can be applied in several industries, including the pharmaceutical, ceramic, food, and household product manufacturing.