2D and 3D aerodynamic shape optimisation using the adjoint approach

The present paper aims at describing the potential of the adjoint technique for aerodynamic shape optimisation. After a brief description of the continuous adjoint formulation and the aerodynamic optimisation process developed at the DLR, specific requirements for an optimisation framework combined with the adjoint technique are introduced. The drag reduction at constant lift and pitching moment for the RAE2822 airfoil in transonic flow is then presented as validation case. An extension to multi-point optimisation demonstrates the capability of the framework to solve more complex problems. Finally, the wing-body optimisation of a supersonic commercial aircraft confirms the flexibility of the framework and the efficiency of the adjoint technique.