Combined measurements of a UV mini MAX-DOAS system and a TX for retrieval of ambient trace gas mixing ratio: Comparisons with combined RTM and MAX-DOAS methods

A measurement method combining multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) and a transmissometer (TX) is introduced as a means of retrieving surface trace gas mixing ratios in ambient air. The combined measurement method was utilized to derive surface NO2 mixing ratios from 27 March to 11 May 2007 in Seoul, Korea. To convert the differential slant column density (DSCD) to the volume mixing ratio (VMR), the light path length (LPL) along the MAX-DOAS line of sight was derived using the light extinction coefficient and Ångstrom exponent data obtained by a TX and sunphotometer, respectively. Temporal variations of the NO2 VMRs at the 0–1 km layer obtained from radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations coupled with MAX-DOAS data show similar patterns, but with reduced magnitudes, to the ground level data and those of the combined MAX-DOAS and TX measurements at 0.08 km. The NO2 VMRs retrieved by the combined measurement were in agreement with those obtained from the RTM simulations coupled with MAX-DOAS data and the in-situ measurements within 40 and 50%, respectively. The coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.75 was obtained between the combined measurement data sets and those of the RTM simulations coupled with MAX-DOAS data whereas that between the combined measurement data sets and those of the in-situ measurements was 0.53. The coefficient of determination (R2) between the data sets derived from the RTM simulations coupled with MAX-DOAS data and those of the in-situ measurements was 0.67 with the scatter of the correlation within the 50% range.