A method to improve the accuracy of continuous measuring of vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor density by means of a ground-based microwave radiometer

Many of the meteorological phenomena occurring at meso-γ require observations sufficiently close together in time and space. The multichannel microwave radiometer (MMWR) provides continuous temperature and humidity profiles. We demonstrate a method for profile bias correction that significantly improves vertical temperature (T) and water vapor density (δwv) profile accuracy. pared MMWR temperature (TRD) and humidity (δwvRD) profiles during winter in the Sierra of Guadarrama (Madrid) at 1150 m altitude with thousands of radiosonde temperature (TRW) and humidity (δwvRW) soundings from a launch site at 610 m altitude and 50 km distance. In spite of relatively large horizontal and vertical separation between the two sites, sounding differences above the boundary layer are comparable to observation error typically assigned to radiosonde soundings when they are assimilated into numerical weather models. Systematic bias between the paired values of TRW and TRD and δwvRW and δwvRD ranges from 0.2 to 1.2 K and 0.05 to 0.5 g m− 3. This bias can be removed using a corrector function that is applied at each T and δwv level. Using this method, the bias for both variables is reduced to insignificant levels and their accuracy is significantly improved.