Ibu volcano, a center of spectacular dacite dome growth and long-term continuous eruptive discharges

Ibu is one of the most isolated and least accessible volcanoes of Indonesia, located on Halmahera Island, in the province of Maluku, East Indonesia. This volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, but remains poorly studied. Since its resuming activity in 1998, Ibu has injected around 0.7 Tg of SO2 into the atmosphere through 60–100 daily eruptive discharges. This long-term eruptive activity is very well retraced by seismic signals that highlight the progressive dome growth and the supply of new magma into Ibu reservoir. The lava dome which is of dacite composition is developing at a rate of 3182 m3 per day. This decadal dome growth of Ibu requires further attention and warrants monitoring as it is a hazard and risk concern.