Ferroelectric characterization studies on barium calcium titanate single crystals

Single crystals of calcium-doped barium titanate have been grown by high temperature solution growth technique with 12 and 20 mol% of calcium. Dielectric constants were measured from 150 to 450 K and the values decreased with increasing Ca concentration. The dielectric constant also decreases with increasing frequency. The Curie temperature increased on calcium substitution in the Ba site. c- and a-domains were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hysteresis loops traced using Sawer–Tower circuit show that the spontaneous polarization (Ps) is low for Ca doped crystals.