Author/Authors :
Samadi، Naser نويسنده , , Aali، Rahim نويسنده Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Nursing and Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Asgari، Esrafil نويسنده Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Nursing and Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Mirhosaeini، Hamed نويسنده Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran , , Shahriari، Ali نويسنده , , Mahmoodi، Farhad نويسنده Department of Environmental Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran , , Nouri، Fardin نويسنده Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Hamdi، Asad نويسنده Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Fanaie، Farzad نويسنده Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Yosefi، Shahla نويسنده Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran , , Dadashi، Saied نويسنده Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran ,
Abstract :
Background: Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used in medical centers, particularly to treat infections. The resistance developed against these agents is a huge concern in health care. A number of researchers have reported that hospital and municipal wastewaters are among the most important dissemination sources of these agent into the environment. Some, however, do not agree with this opinion. In the present study, the prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance genes was investigated in raw and effluent wastewater from hospital and municipal wastewater treatment plants.
Methods: To conduct this descriptive-analytical study, 30 samples were taken according to sampling principles and cold cycle and transferred to the molecular laboratory. DNA was extracted by the freeze-thaw method using a kit (Promega). The genes aac(3)-IIa and aac(6’)-Ib which code aminoglycoside resistance were examined in this study.
Results: The results indicated that the studied genes are present in 35% of urban and hospital wastewaters, and their frequency percentage is higher in hospital wastewater (52%) than urban wastewater (48%). The studied genes were identified in 61% of raw hospital wastewater samples; however, they were not detected in the output wastewater from the studied treatment plants.
Conclusion: Although, the studied genes were not detected in the final effluent, there is a high potential for their release into the environment. The current study demonstrated that the coding genes of aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance are present in raw urban and hospital wastewaters. In the case of improper exploitation of wastewater treatment plants, the output water can contaminate other environmental sections, such as soil and water resources, and result in the emission of these contaminants.
