Dynamic stress–strain behavior of frozen soil: Experiments and modeling

The dynamic stress–strain behavior of artificial frozen soil (with a moisture content of 30%) was tested using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) under various impact compressive loading conditions. The tests were performed at strain rates 400–1000 s− 1 and different temperatures (i.e., − 3, − 8, − 18, and − 28 °C). The experimental results show that the dynamic stress–strain responses of the artificial frozen soil exhibit a positive strain rate sensitivity and negative temperature dependence. An energy-based dynamic constitutive model was constructed to simulate the dynamic stress–strain behavior of the frozen soil. It is shown that the proposed model can describe the positive strain-rate sensitivity and negative temperature dependence of the artificial frozen soil reasonably, and predict the dynamic stress–strain curves of the frozen soil well.