Indigenous rights and coastal fisheries: A framework of livelihoods, rights and equity

The involvement of indigenous peoples in fisheries, and in the management of those fisheries, varies widely around the world, but invariably involves many complex interactions. This paper assesses these interactions using a three-pronged conceptual framework of livelihoods, equity and rights (resource access and management rights, as well as indigenous and aboriginal rights). The framework is applied to examine the experiences of indigenous peoples in Canada and the Philippines regarding access to fishery resources, and participation in fisheries management and policy. These experiences demonstrate the importance of legally recognized rights not only as a key tool in resource management, but also in the pursuit of secure and equitable livelihoods on the part of indigenous peoples. While it is apparent that in some ways, serious mismatches exist between government policy and local livelihood needs, there are also illustrations of positive change in improving the situation of indigenous peoples.