Genesis of adakite-like lavas of Licancabur volcano (Chile—Bolivia, Central Andes)

The Licancabur volcano is located on the Bolivia—Chile Altiplano (Central Andes). The lavas are andesites and dacites. Numerous mineralogic features attest that magma mixing occurred. Andesites have concave (spoon-shaped) REE patterns whereas dacites have steep slopes. A spectacular crossover of patterns occurs with increasing SiO2. Most geochemical discrimination criteria of adakites are satisfied by Licancabur dacites, except their high Sr-isotope compositions (> 0.7075). For the genesis of the Licancabur adakite-like lavas, a four-step model is proposed: (1) partial melting (5 to 10 wt %) of a subducted altered oceanic crust; (2) hybridation (< 10 wt %) of the magmas with melts derived from the overlying lithospheric mantle; (3) contamination (≈ 1 wt %) of these hybrid magmas by TTG-type granodiorites of the Archean lower continental crust (with present-day Sr-isotope ratios ≈ 0.820); (4) evolution and differentiation by crystal fractionation (< 6 wt %) and magma mixing at upper crustal levels.