The fresh water-seawater contact in coastal aquifers supporting intensive pumped seawater extractions: A case study

The construction of desalination plants along the Mediterranean coast that are supplied with seawater via pumped boreholes in coastal aquifers has given rise to novel hydrogeological situations. At the experimental site on the Andarax delta (SE Spain), a monitoring system has been set up, consisting of piezometer clusters. Piezometric level and electrical conductivity are monitored continuously at various depths in the aquifer. The data obtained allow the response of the aquifer to the intensive saltwater extraction to be assessed. Under a natural regime, the situation is highly stable and only the influence of the tides is detected. Under a regime of seawater extraction, the response becomes very dynamic, with pronounced falls in water level in the deepest piezometers and a marked descent in the position of the interface (25 m). This leads to a gradual decline in electrical conductivity in the slotted piezometers situated at the interface as a result of ingress of fresh water via slotted portions of the production boreholes.