Petroleum source in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin: New insights from geochemical and fluid inclusion data

A total of 108 drill stem test (DST) crude oil samples and 10 reservoir fluid inclusion samples were investigated geochemically to identify the characteristics and origin of the crude oil in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, NW China. Results show that the majority of oils share typical biomarker characteristics from the Middle-Upper Ordovician (O2+3) source rock and related crude oil features. These features include a distinct “V” shape in the relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 regular steranes, and low abundances of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. Only a few oils display typical biomarker features indicating a Cambrian–Lower Ordovician (ϵ-O1) genetic affinity, such as linear or “anti-L” shape C27, C28 and C29 regular sterane distributions, and relatively high concentrations of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. It appears that most of the oils studied were derived from the O2+3 intervals, as suggested by previous studies. However, the δ13C values of individual n-alkanes indicate that most of the crude oils in the Tazhong Uplift represent a mixture of two end member oils, an O1-ϵ derived oil, such as from well TD2 (or TZ62 (S)), and an O2+3 derived oil, such as from well YM2. The data suggest that most of the oils in the uplift have a mixed origin, and do not originated from the Middle-Upper Ordovician strata alone. This conclusion is supported by data on the molecular composition of petroleum inclusions. This new oil mixing model is critical for reconstructing the hydrocarbon formation and accumulation history for the region, and may have important implications for further petroleum exploration in the Tarim Basin.