Characterization of extra heavy gas oil biomarkers using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–TOFMS) was used for the characterization of hydrocarbons in extra heavy gas oil (EHGO). Assignment of individual EHGO compounds was successfully achieved, in addition to group-type identification on the chromatographic plane. Many biomarkers, such as terpanes and steranes, were assigned. Paraffins, hopenes and moretenes were also detected. GC × GC–TOFMS not only allowed assignment of a large number of compounds but also resolution of many co-eluting components, such as tricyclic and pentacyclic terpanes. The technique is therefore suited for EHGO analysis. The results could guide the choice of a petroleum conversion process that generates products with higher added value.