Palaeogeographic reconstruction using composite maps, with case studies from three continents

Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction is based partly on the evaluation of stratigraphic, lithofacies and biofacies maps, which generally show broad similarities but also local discrepancies that can be difficult to reconcile. Integrating these maps has the advantage that corresponding features are accentuated whereas contrasting details are eliminated or reduced in prominence. As all the different basemaps contribute equally towards the final product, the composite map gives a more reliable and accurate representation of the palaeogeography than any of its components. This is illustrated by case studies of shallow marine, fluvial and lacustrine environments from Australia, South Africa and Chile.