Paleolimnology of a shrub-tundra lake and response of aquatic and terrestrial indicators to climatic change in arctic Québec, Canada

To better understand past aquatic ecosystems and their development, a 99-cm sediment core was extracted from a shrub-tundra lake in northern Québec. Fossil chironomids, diatoms and pollen were analysed at 1.0-cm intervals. Several inference models based on chironomids and diatoms were used to reconstruct lake water conditions (surface water temperature, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), alkalinity, and water colour) for the last 6700 cal. yr. Reconstructed water temperatures varied between 10.3 and 17.6 °C, with a cooling trend since at least 1500 cal. yr BP. DOC concentrations increased with the establishment of terrestrial vegetation in the lakeʹs catchment and decreased with the onset of the late Holocene cooling trend. Lake water alkalinity was higher during the lakeʹs early history and decreased throughout its postglacial development, whereas water colour remained at fairly low levels throughout the entire record. Our results suggest that aquatic organisms directly influenced by temperature (chironomids) reacted most rapidly to climatic changes, whereas terrestrial vegetation (pollen) reacted with a slight lag. The vegetation succession in the catchment had subsequent impacts on the composition of runoff waters, and hence on other aquatic organisms (diatoms).