Gemini (dimeric) surfactants

Recent years have seen significant advances in the field of gemini (dimeric) surfactants. First, the effects of the length and nature of the spacer group on the behavior of gemini surfactants at the air/solution interface, on the shape of their micelles, and on the solution rheology and microstructure have been characterized. Second, dimeric surfactant containing systems have been theoretically approached. The particular behavior of such systems has been explained in part and interesting predictions made. Last, studies of the phase behavior of dimeric surfactants and of their mixed micellization with conventional surfactants have been initiated. These surfactants appear to hold promise for the future.