Twist grain boundary and frustrated liquid crystal phases

Research into the structures and properties of frustrated liquid crystal phases continues apace. A number of new twist grain boundary phases have been discovered, of particular interest are those with their rod-like molecules inclined to the layer planes, i.e. the TGBC phases. A new anticlinic TGBC phase has also been discovered complimenting the synclinic TGBC phases. In addition a number of smectic blue phases (BPSm) have recently been discovered.