Enhanced preservation of organic matter in sediments deposited within the oxygen minimum zone in the northeastern Arabian Sea

The presence of a strongly developed oxygen minimum zone (OMZ; [O2]<2 μM) in the northeastern Arabian Sea affords the opportunity to investigate whether oxygen deficiency in bottom waters enhances the preservation of organic matter in the underlying sediments. We explored if the observed patterns of organic matter accumulation could be explained by differences in productivity, sedimentation rate, water depth, and mineral texture. The differences in the burial rates of organic matter in sediments deposited within or below the OMZ could not be explained on the basis of these factors. All collected evidence points to a coupling of low oxygen concentrations and enhanced organic matter preservation. Under more oxygenated conditions bioturbation as well as the presence of labile manganese and iron oxides are probably important factors for a more efficient microbially mediated degradation of organic matter. Pore water profiles of dissolved Mn2+ and Fe2+ show that reduction of manganese and iron oxides plays a minor role in sediments lying within the OMZ and a larger role in sediments lying below the OMZ.