Earthquake cycle dominates contemporary crustal deformation in Central and Southern Andes

With the advent of global positioning system (GPS) technology and its applications to high precision geodesy, earth scientists have gained an unprecedented opportunity to study the kinematics and dynamics of present-day deformation processes along plate boundary zones. However, until now our knowledge of the deformation processes associated with the Andean subduction along the western coast of South America has been limited. Here we present first estimates of present-day crustal deformation rates in the central and southern sections of the Andes, between latitudes 22°S and 42°S. We find that the deformation in the central section of our study area is dominated by the interseismic phase of an earthquake deformation cycle, caused by 100% coupling of the thrust interface between the subducting Nazca and the overriding South America plates. The estimated depth of coupling is not uniform along strike: north of 30°S it is ∼33 km deep, while south of 35°S it reaches 50 km depth. In addition, we observed postseismic relaxation effects in the northern part of our network in the area of the 1995 Mw8.0 Antofagasta earthquake. South of 38°S, we detected a similar deformation pattern as in the Antofagasta area which we attribute to postseismic relaxation effects of the 1960 Mw9.5 Valdivia earthquake.