Evidence of electrical anisotropic structures in the lower crust and the upper mantle beneath the Rhenish Shield

We present the results of a long-period electromagnetic investigation of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Rhenish Shield in Western Germany. The magnetotelluric phase data reveal a frequency-dependent regional strike that varies only smoothly across the array. At short periods (t<100 s) the striking of the maximum phase splitting is N45°E, which can be explained with an electrical anisotropic lower crust. At long periods (t>1000 s) there is a consistent striking in WE direction, which provides strong evidence of an anisotropic structure in the upper mantle, too. Geomagnetic data were also used, whereas we reference the magnetic field components of all sites to an arbitrarily chosen field site. That provides a direct view of the anomalous current flow. We show that in case of a non-one-dimensional electrical substructure of the reference site all magnetic transfer functions of the other sites can be affected by lateral conductivity contrasts beneath the reference site. A simple method to remove such effects is introduced. Applying this method the magnetic data show a distinct anomaly in the northwestern part of the area. Finally, we present a 3D model of the conductivity structure beneath the Rhenish Shield which contains a superposition of two anisotropic structures in the lower crust (2000 S) and the upper mantle (20 000 S), respectively, and a local anomaly in the upper crust (4000 S).