The level of the Grيmsvِtn subglacial lake, Vatnajِkull, Iceland, monitored with SPOT5 images

We describe the vertical displacement field of an ice shelf floating on a subglacial lake, Grيmsvِtn, located underneath the Vatnajِkull ice cap (Iceland). The uplift is measured using the correlation of two satellite optical SPOT5 images acquired 5 days apart with similar, non-vertical incidence angles. This is the first time correlation of optical images has been used to measure vertical displacements. Our technique is suitable for mapping short-term elevation changes of glaciers. If the surface features are preserved, vertical displacements can be measured every 25 m with an accuracy of about 0.5 m. lift map of Grيmsvِtn shows that 10.9 (± 1) km2 of ice was floating between 11 and 16 August 2004. The ice shelf rose by 1.7 (± 0.6) m indicating that the volume of liquid water in the lake increased by 0.018 (± 0.007) km3. Our field observations show that surface melting due to meteorological processes contributed 70% of the accumulated water, hence, the rest originated from ice melted by the subglacial geothermal activity. The power required to melt 0.005 km3 (water equivalent) of basal ice in 5 days is 4000 MW. The applicability of the technique can be extended to volcanology and seismology, and even landslides or subsidence, when finer-resolution optical images become available. Applied to two pairs of images, it could solve for the 3-dimensional displacements of the Earthʹs surface.