B-type olivine fabrics developed in the fore-arc side of the mantle wedge along a subducting slab

B-type olivine fabrics are pervasive within highly depleted dunites of the small-sized Imono peridotite body located within the subduction-type Sanbagawa metamorphic belt of the southwest Japan arc. The dunites contain various microstructures, ranging from porphyroclastic to fine-grained intensely sheared textures. The Mg/(Mg + Fe) atomic ratios (Fo number) of olivine within these dunites are consistently around 0.9, as are the Cr/(Cr + Al) atomic ratios (Cr number) of chromian spinel, suggesting their evolution from a highly depleted magma (boninite). These data provide strong thermal constraints on the formation of the highly depleted dunites, as their formation requires hot, hydrous, shallow mantle (> 1250 °C at < 30 km depth) in the mantle wedge. Because the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt finally entrained these peridotites during progressive retrogression, B-type olivine fabrics probably developed in the fore-arc side of the subduction zone, above or along the subducting slab, possibly in association with dehydration fluids derived from the slab. The previously documented small magnitude of S-wave splitting can be explained by the seismic properties of B-type peridotites within an anisotropic layer of approximately several kilometers in thickness, oriented by flow parallel to the subducting slab, under maximum temperatures of 880–1030 °C depending on the flow stress. These findings indicate that such a B-type layer could constitute a dominant source of seismic S- and P-wave anisotropy in mantle wedge regions.