Protection areas of the Sمo Pedro do Sul Spa, Portugal

This paper presents a case study of the protection areas of one of the Portugalʹs most important spas. According to its chemical composition this thermal mineral water is rich in bicarbonate, sodium, carbonate, fluor and sulfate. The therapeutic indications are mainly illnesses related to rheumatism and respiratory system. As a complement the thermal mineral water is also used for geothermal purposes, as in the heating of greenhouses for the production of Bananas and Ananas. The study presents geological and hydrogeological characterization of the area and its vulnerability to pollution and the physical and chemical characterization of the thermal mineral water. Finally, in accordance with the Portuguese legislation, the protection areas are defined: for immediate, intermediate and distant zones. The criteria and other aspects that led to their definition are also presented.