Multiple low voltage power flow solutions using hybrid PSO and optimal multiplier method

In this paper a method for computing multiple power flow solutions of power system is proposed. The proposed method determines the multiple solutions in pairs. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to find the starting values of the rectangular Newton–Raphson power flow. From these starting values, the rectangular Newton–Raphson load flow determines a low voltage solution close to the first one. Optimal multipliers are then used to determine a second low voltage solution. Test results of standard IEEE 14 bus system have been shown.