Analysis of a complex toppling-circular slope failure

This technical note describes a complex failure that occurred in an open-pit mine in Valencia (Spain). The failure, which was analysed and interpreted in accordance with the local geology, occurred in a slope comprised of a limestone rock mass in the upper part and a claystone–sandstone sedimentary formation in the lower part. The failure mechanism, which was interpreted as complex toppling combining toppling and circular failure, was back-analysed using analytical and numerical techniques.