Aligned buoyant highs, across-trench deformation, clustered volcanoes, and deep earthquakes are not aligned with plate-tectonic theory

Bathymetry shows the regional interaction of aseismic, buoyant highs in northern Pacific subduction zones. Seamounts, ridges, and fractures on the seaward side of the trench are associated with events that do not support the accepted plate-tectonics paradigm, including an altered slab dip angle (Benioff zone) and the clustered volcanoes and earthquakes within the convergent margin. Most of the examples in this study show a reduction in the number of total earthquakes but an increase in the deeper earthquakes, an abnormal amount of across-trench deformation, and a larger amount of volcanism on the active arc than if no bouyant highs existed in the subduction zone. The connections between the seaward highs and the landward clustered highs are the transverse faults, which widen by turbidite scour as they age. Forearc canyons are the modern-day bathymetdc expression of these faults. All of the parameters introduced disagree with the plate-tectonic hypothesis, making an alternate explanation for the genesis necessary. That explanation falls into the realm of the surge-tectonic hypothesis, which can explain by fluid mechanics and eastward flow each of the introduced parameters.