Neoproterozoic subaqueous extrusive–intrusive rocks in the Playa Hermosa Formation in Uruguay: Regional and stratigraphic significance

Volcanic rocks in southern Uruguay are linked to an extensional tectonic regime related to the post-collisional Brasiliano–Pan African orogenic cycle. The ca 580 Ma magmatic event is recorded in the Playa Hermosa Formation. In the upper section of this formation several units were defined. The basal unit is a quartz–syenite brecciated deposit, interpreted as the result of explosive episodes of shallow plutonic quartz–syenite intrusion with signs of hydrothermal alteration. Sedimentary and basaltic lithoclasts are occasionally present in the breccia, implying the emplacement of basalts before of that magmatic event. The middle unit is composed of trachytic hyaloclastites. Local distribution and textural evidence indicate that trachytic volcanic pulses have been followed by an explosive event that produced brecciated deposits. The upper unit of the studied sequence is composed of basalts with thin sedimentary intercalations. Most of the outcropping basalts display the typical micro- and macro-features of hyaloclastites; distinctive of extrusions occurred in wet sediments previous to lithification. Basaltic feeder dikes are common in the lower unit. The study of flow structures in the quartz–syenite brecciated deposits led to the recognition of two basaltic inputs. Such differences are related to the intensity of chloritic alteration, which would be related to water contamination. ic peperites are one of the most impressive features of the Playa Hermosa Formation. Hyaloclastites and peperites largely represented among the studied volcanic rocks, and devitrification textures are all evidences of magma/seawater interactions. In the basaltic fragments of the peperites well preserved orange palagonite appears, while the sandstone fractions have lithic clasts of felsic volcanic rocks, such as rhyolitic lavas with perlitic cracks and lithophysae-like structures. Palagonite chemical analyses suggest marine environment and, at the same time, it proves that the studied section lacks of regional metamorphism. The felsic volcanic lithoclasts contained in sandstones could be related to the felsic volcanic lobes intercalations. The studied magmatic event is important in order to formulate correlations with other Neoproterozoic units distributed around the Dom Feliciano belt, like Camaquã and Campo Alegre basins (Brazil), and in the Kaoko belt (NW Namibia) in Africa. Also, Playa Hermosa Formation presents glacigenic features that are well documented, and reinforce the volcanism around 580 Ma in the Rio de la Plata Craton.