A high-resolution infrared spectral survey of 103P/Hartley 2 on the night of the EPOXI closest approach

We obtained high-resolution (λ/Δλ ∼ 28,000) infrared spectra of Comet 103P/Hartley 2 on UT 2010 November 4.6 using the NIRSPEC spectrometer at the W.M. Keck Observatory. Here we present spectra of Hartley 2 between 2.832 and 3.639 μm (3531–2748 cm−1), representing the most complete high-resolution infrared survey of a Jupiter-family comet to date in this wavelength region. We have tabulated rest frequencies, line fluxes, line signal-to-noise ratios and line widths for all detected emissions. Fluorescence models, published line lists and laboratory spectra were used to obtain molecular assignments for detected emissions. Multiple lines of the following species were detected in Hartley 2: H2O, OH, CH3OH, C2H6, HCN, C2H2, H2CO, NH3 and NH2. All identified species seen in this survey have been previously detected in comets. There were 364 distinct emission features present in these spectra, of which 36 were unidentified. We compare the spectrum of Hartley 2 to chemically different Jupiter-family Comets 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3-B and 17P/Holmes in order to obtain additional information on the characteristics of unknown lines through the comparison of relative line fluxes for corresponding emissions in these comets. For the strongest unidentified emissions, additional information was also obtained through a comparison of their spatial distributions in the coma to that of known emission features in Hartley 2. This spectral survey of Hartley 2 provides detailed information about its overall volatile chemistry, provides a comparison to past and future high-resolution infrared datasets, and further characterizes the most promising spectral regions for future molecular searches in comets.