The effects of fasting on physiological status and gene expression; an overview

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Restriction of calorie by ingesting no or minimal amounts of food and caloric beverages for periods of time is called fasting. Fasting can affect body through changing in physical and metabolic adaptations as well as mineral and hormonal status. However, psychological effects and sometimes medical complications can also be seen if the there would be no appropriate plan. These events are linked with changes in expression of different genes and signaling pathways. In this brief review, physiological effects of fasting, affected pathways during fasting and potential applications of fasting are discussed. In conclusion, fasting as a method of caloric restriction can enhance normal physiological status and help to improve the overall health.