Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI): Literature Review and World Consensus (Part Six)

Context There is a need to find the recommended perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for current MRSA carriers and to determine if patients with prior history of MRSA should be re-screened and what should the choice of perioperative prophylactic antibiotics be in these patients. There is also a need to determine the recommended prophylaxis in patients undergoing major orthopaedic reconstructions for either tumor or non-neoplastic conditions using megaprosthesis or allograft. Evidence Acquisition Delegates in workgroup 3 of the consensus meeting on PJI reviewed English literature for relevant articles. 30 of 221 articles were relevant to the 4 following questions regarding perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent PJI. Results For current MRSA carriers, vancomycin or teicoplanin is the recommended perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Patients with prior history of MRSA should be re-screened preoperatively. If patients are found to be negative for MRSA, we recommend routine perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. Until the emergence of further evidence, we recommend the use of routine antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing major reconstructions such as allograft or megaprostheses. Conclusions Based on evidences in the literature and consensus of expert delegates from consensus meeting recommendations for type of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients who are current MRSA carriers, the protocol for screening and type of prophylactic antibiotics for patients with prior history of MRSA and antibiotic prophylaxis for patients undergoing major reconstructions such as megaprosthesis and allograft were provided.