ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﺗﺨﻢ و ﮐﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ اﻧﮕﻞ ﮐﺒﺪ ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻫﻠﯽ ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان

ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺎﺳﯿﻮﻟﻮزﯾﺲ اﻧﺴﺎن و دام در اﯾﺮان و ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪودي رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺸـﺎﺑ ﻬﯽ دارﻧـ ﺪ .ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﺣﺎﺿـﺮ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮوژﯾﮏ و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮﯾﮏ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ اﻧﮕﻞ ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن اﻫﻠﯽ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮب اﯾﺮان اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷـ ﺪ. ﻋﺪد ﮐﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ از ﮔﺎو، ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ و ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﭘﺲ از ﺑﺮش دادن ﮐﺒﺪ ﮐﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ 140 و 67 ،130ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻓﺎﺳ ـ ﯿﻮﻻ ﺟﻤـﻊ آو ري و رﻧـﮓ درﺻﺪ (و ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻌـﺪاد 34) درﺻﺪ ﺑﻮد .ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ 28/19 آﻣﯿﺰي اﺳﺘﻮﮐﺎرﻣﯿﻦ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮐﻠﯽ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در ﻧﺸﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﮐﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ (ﺑﻮد .از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي 9/23) ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ راس دام در ﮔﺎو ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻژﯾﮕﺎﻧﺘﯿﮑﺎ . درﺻﺪ (ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﺷـ ﺎﯾﻊ ﺟـﺪا ﺷـﺪه از ﮔـﺎو ﻣﯿﺶ ﺑـﻮ د 51/89) ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل، ﻋﺮض و ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺎدﮐﺶ ﺷﮑﻤﯽ ﺗﺎ دم در اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ﺟﺪا ﺷـﺪه از ﮔـﺎو، ﮔـﺎو ﻣﯿﺶ و ﮔﻮﺳـﻔﻨﺪ اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨ ـﯽ داري داﺷﺖ .ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ اﻧﮕﻞ ﮔﺎو و ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ در ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ﺣﺪ واﺳﻂ و ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ژﯾﮕﺎﻧﺘﯿﮑﺎ ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪه از ﮔﺎو و ﮔﺎوﻣﯿﺶ اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨ ـﯽ داري ﺑﻮد .ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﻋﺮض و ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻃﻮل ﺑﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺗﺨﻢ در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ اﺧﺘﻼف ﻣﻌﻨ ـﯽ داري ﻧﺪاﺷـ ﺖ .اﺧـﺘﻼف ﻣﯿـﺎﻧﮕﯿ ﻦ ﻃـﻮل ﺗﺨـﻢ ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ﻫﭙﺎﺗ ﯿﮑﺎ و ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ ژﯾﮕﺎﻧﺘﯿﮑﺎ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ دار ﺑﻮد .ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺣﻀﻮر ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ در ﻧﺸـﺨﻮارﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎن ﺷـﻤﺎل ﻏـﺮب اﯾﺮان ﺑﻮد .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوه، ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي رﯾﺨﺖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻣﺘﺮي ﺗﺨﻢ و ﮐﺮم ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﺳ ﯿﻮﻻ در ﻣﯿﺰﺑﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻤـ ﺎﯾﺰ آﻧﻬـﺎ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺎﮐﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﯿﮏ راﻫﻨﻤﺎ و ﻣﯿﺴﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .

Worldwide including Iran, Fasciola species are the causes of human and animal fasciolosis which have comparatively identical morphologies. The present study is aimed to identify different Fasciola forms by using morphologic and morphometric variations from domestic ruminants of northwestern Iran. A total of 130, 67 and 140 livers of cattle, water buffaloes and sheep respectively were collected from Urmia slaughterhouse. The adult helminths were removed and stained using Acetocarmine staining. The Fasciola eggs were directly extracted from the uterus of adult helminths. The overall frequency of infection was 28.19%. The highest infection rate was found in water buffalos (34%). The highest number of helminth per each animal was recorded for cattle (9.23%). The predominant infecting fasciolid in the examined ruminants was F. gigantica (51.89%) from water buffaloes origin. There was a significant difference among the width (W), the length (L), and the distance between ventral sucker to the posterior end of the body (DBVE) of all Fasciola forms from the examined animals. The L of different Fasciola forms had a significant difference for F. gigantica and intermediate form of Fasciola from cattle and water buffaloes origins. The W and the proportion of the body length to the width (SI) of eggs from all Fasciola forms had no significant difference. The Ls of eggs of F. hepatica and F. gigantica were significantly different. The results of this study elucidated three forms of Fasciola coexisting in the ruminants of the region. Additionally, the morphology and morphometry of adult and eggs of Fasciola species within a range of hosts may be taxonomically informative and one of the character sets for discrimination of fasciolid forms.