Author/Authors :
Nedjat Saharnaz نويسنده , Shams Hedayatallah نويسنده Ph.D Candidate in Health Education and Promotion, School
of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR
Iran , Garmaroudi Gholamreza نويسنده MD, MPH, Chair, Department of Health Promotion and
Education Associate Professor of Maternal and Child Health Research
Field: Child and Adolescent Mental Health, School of Public Health,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR
Iran
Abstract :
Background Bullying is considered a serious health problem in
primary schools, high schools, and universities. It can have negative
effects on both the bully and who is bullied. The negative consequences
of it include depression, anxiety, drug abuse, etc. These consequences
can be devastating in many areas of the person’s future life like
his/her relations with other people. The current study aims at
investigating the factors that students and teachers believe can affect
bullying. Methods A qualitative design based on content analysis
approach was used to collect the data and analyze the perspective of 72
Iranian students, 12 teachers, and 9 parents chosen by a purposeful
sampling strategy in Gonabad. Semi-structured interviews were held in
order to collect the data. Sampling was continued until the data
saturation. The data were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis
approach by MAXQUDA 2010 software. Results In this study, five factors
associated with bullying were identified. The factors include
‘psychological factors’, ‘family factors’, ‘school factors’,
‘socioeconomic factors’, and ‘the influence of the media’. The first
factor includes four sub-factors of psychiatric disorder, pride and
arrogance, jealousy, and imposing will and opinions on others. The
second factor includes four sub-factors of family violence, wrong
parenting, siblings’ bullying behavior, and parental employment. The
third factor includes four sub-factors of not paying attention to the
students’ inappropriate behaviors, discrimination against the students,
teachers’ behaviors, and peer influence. The fourth factor includes
three sub-factors of the lack of patience, neighbors’ influence on our
behaviors, and poverty. And the fifth factor includes two sub-factors of
the influence of social media and the Internet, and violent video games.
Conclusions Bullying has different aspects and, therefore, we should pay
attention to its psychological causes, family problems, school problems,
and social and economic factors, etc. we should pay more attention to
the lack of patience as a religious-mental variable which seems to be
closely linked with a behavioral issue.
