Author/Authors :
Nasrollahzadeh Javad نويسنده Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran. Iran , Alimadadi Ashraf نويسنده Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran , Ghalandari Hamid نويسنده Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of
Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran , Kamalpour Mahdieh نويسنده MSc, Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition, and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
Abstract :
[Objectives]The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a simple dietary advice with two energy-restricted diets with different carbohydrate and fiber contents on anthropometric, biochemical, and inflammatory markers over an 8-wk intervention period in individuals with diabetes.[Methods]Forty-seven patients with type 2 diabetes (31 women and 16 men; age: 52.9 ± 8.0 years, body mass index: 29.5 ± 4.9 kg.m-2) completed an 8-wk randomized intervention trial that compared a simple dietary advice aimed to modulate carbohydrate intake (n = 13) with the two calorie-restricted (CR) diets (25% caloric restriction from total energy requirements) differing with regard to carbohydrate and fiber content, one with higher fiber (CRHF) containing 55% energy from carbohydrate plus a tablespoon of psyllium powder (n = 18) and the other with lower carbohydrate (CRLC) containing 40% energy from carbohydrate plus placebo powder (n = 16). Weight, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, lipids, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks.[Results]The mean change of body weight and plasma lipids were not different between the groups. Fasting plasma insulin and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly lower in the CRHF group (changes from baseline values in simple advice, CRHF, and CRLC were 1.3 ± 1.9, -1.0 ± 1.2, and 0.3 ± 3.1 µIL/mL for insulin and0.5 ± 0.7, -0.3 ± 0.6, and 0.2 ± 0.9 for HOMA-IR, respectively). The levels of IL-6 significantly decreased in the CRHF and CRLC groups (changes from baseline values in simple advice, CRHF, and CRLC were 7.5 ± 6.8, -1.2 ± 4.7, and -4.2 ± 5.6 pg/mL, respectively). TNF-α levels were significantly lower only in the CRHF compared to the advice group (P < 0.05).[Conclusions]Our results suggest that in comparison with simple advice to modify carbohydrate intake, a calorie-restricted, moderate carbohydrate diet supplemented with psyllium has better effects on plasma insulin and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes.
