Optimization of ethanol fermentation from discarded carrots using immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Discarded carrots are a valuable source of biomass amenable for valorization. Their use as raw material for ethanol production by fermentation, using yeasts immobilized in Calcium alginate, was proposed. The biocatalyst immobilization method, the existence of internal and external mass transfer limitations, the effect of the initial pH and the reuse of immobilized yeasts were particularly evaluated. Results indicate that beads made with a 2 % solution of Sodium alginate and a 30 % solution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were strong enough to allow an efficient nutrient transfer into the matrix and to prevent cell leaking. A stirring rate of 200 rpm was needed to avoid external mass transfer limitations. These beads were used in three successive fermentations. An initial pH of 5.5 reached the best fermentation parameters. Non-enriched, non-sterile carrot must was fermented through immobilized yeasts; and values of ethanol concentration (29.9 g L-1), Yp/s (0.409 g g-1), and productivity (7.45 g L-1 h-1) were obtained. These values were similar to those registered when free cells were used.