Comparison of the Effects of Hypercholesterolemic Diets on Biochemical Outcomes of Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Background: Saturated fatty acids and high sugar consumption along with sedentary lifestyle increase. The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objectives: In the present study, dietary high cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol implications after myocardial infarction induced by Isoproterenol compared with myocardial infarction subjects with normal diet were studied. Materials and Methods: 36 animals were allocated randomly in 6 groups; three groups were fed with standard, high-cholesterol or high-oxidized cholesterol diets for 14 weeks. The other three groups received the same diets as well as ISO to induce acute MI. Lipid profile, OxLDL and total antioxidant levels were measured in the serum. The myocardial CoQ10 content was analyzed using a validated RP-HPLC. The infarct size was determined using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Histological changes and necrosis were evaluated using microscopic analysis. Results: Malondialdehyde concentration and infarct size in all high fat-fed groups were increased compared to the control group, especially in the ISO-induced MI groups. The total antioxidant level was decreased in both ISO-induced MI treated groups. CoQ10 content of the myocardium in control group (4.45 ± 0.19 µg/100 mg) was significantly higher than cholesterol-fed (2.99 ± 0.05 µg/100mg, P < 0.001) and oxidized Cholesterol-fed (1.42 ± 0.06 µg/100mg, P = 0.00l) groups. This reduction was more intense in the ISO-induced MI groups compared to the ISO group. High cholesterol and oxidized cholesterol diets increased the isoproterenol-induced necrosis in the myocardium (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively) compared to the rats taking normal diet. Conclusions: Overall, we concluded that the expansion of the infarct size and reduction of the CoQ10 content in the rat’s myocardium occurred as a result of elevated level of high serum level of OxLDL rather than non-oxidized LDL.