-G308A tumor necrosis factor alpha functional polymorphism and schizophrenia risk: Meta-analysis plus association study

Research on -G308A functional polymorphism in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene as a susceptibility factor for schizophrenia has provided contrasting results in diVerent populations. Therefore we conducted a meta-analysis of the published case–control association studies and a replication study in a large sample. Meta-analyses (total sample: 2512 cases versus 3223 controls) showed that the AA genotype was weakly associated with schizophrenia susceptibility in Caucasoids (Odd Ratio ORD 1.65, 95% CI D 1.00–2.71 Z D 1.98 p D 0.05). The replication case–control association study (323 DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia patients and 346 controls) showed that the A allele conferred an increased susceptibility for schizophrenia only in males (OR D1.73, 95% CI D 1.07–2.79, p D 0.025), and the association became more speciWc when only patients of the paranoid subtype were compared to the controls (relative risk ratio D 3.09, 95% CI D 1.28– 7.47, p D 0.012). The presence of the A allele was also associated with a later age at onset of schizophrenia in the whole sample (F1,291 D 7.094, p D 0.008). Our results conWrm that TNF A allele could have an eVect on vulnerability to schizophrenia but further studies revaluating the role of gender and diagnostic subtypes are necessary to conWrm these Wndings. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.