Author/Authors :
Qorbani, Mostafa Non‑communicable Diseases Research Center - Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Kara , Heshmat, Ramin Chronic Diseases Research Center Endocrinology and - Metabolism Population Sciences Institute - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Kelishadi, Roya Department of Pediatrics - Child Growth and Development Research Center - Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑communicable Disease - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Assadi, Farahnak Department of Pediatrics - Division of Nephrology - Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, United States , Motlagh, MohammadEsmaeil Department of Pediatrics - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science , Djalalinia, Shirin Department of Pediatrics - Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Shahsavari, Ali Department of Pediatrics - Child Growth and Development Research Center - Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑communicable Disease - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Ziaodini, Hasan Department of Health - Bureau of Health and Fitness - Ministry of Education and Training, Tehran , Taheri, Majzoubeh Department of Epidemiology - Offce of Adolescents and School Health - Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran , Shafiee, Gita Chronic Diseases Research Center - Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Aminianfar, Azadeh Department of Community Nutrition - School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics - Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Esmaeili, Sajjad Department of Pediatrics - Child Growth and Development Research Center - Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non‑communicable Disease - Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Aminaei, Tahereh Department of Epidemiology - Office of Adolescents and School Health - Ministry of Health and Medical Education , Mansourian, Morteza Health Management and Economics Research Center - Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
Abstract :
Background: The prevalence of glomerular hyperfltration and chronic kidney disease is increasing worldwide in parallel with obesity hypertension epidemic. The effect of increases in glomerular
fltrations (GFR) in children with metabolic syndrome has not been studied. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between GFR and cardiometabolic risk factors in
a large sample of pediatric population.
Methods: In this nationwide survey, 3800 participants were selected by cluster random sampling from 30 provinces in Iran. Anthropometric measures, biochemical, and clinical parameters were measured. We also measured estimated GFR (eGFR) using the recently modifed Schwartz equations and other known cardiometabolic risk factors such as elevated total cholesterol, high low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), and obesity.
Results: The response rate was 91.5% (n = 3843). The mean and standard deviation (SD) (Mean ± SD) of eGFR for girls, boys, and total population were 96.71 ± 19.46, 96.49 ± 21.69, and 96.59 ± 20 ml/min/1.73 m2, respectively. Overall, 38.7% of the participants
did not have any cardiometabolic risk factor. In multivariate models, the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure (BP) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95% confdence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.02), elevated diastolic BP (OR: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.08–2.02), elevated LDL‑C (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.07–1.70), and obesity (OR: 1.70; 95%CI: 1.24–2.33) were signifcantly higher in participants with higher eGFR level than those with the lower level but not with low level of high‑density lipoprotein
cholesterol (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.60–0.88).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates an association between glomerular hyperfltration and obesity‑related hypertension in a large sample of the Iranian pediatric population, independently of other classical risk factors.
