Study on Ecological Growth Conditions of Cattle Hyalomma Ticks in Punjab, Pakistan

Background: The survey for the prevalence of different species of cattle Hyalomma ticks was carried out in three districts (Rawalpindi, Multan and Lahore) of Punjab province in Pakistan. The bionomical conditions suitable for Hyalomma were also studied in laboratory.Methods: One hundred specimens of ticks of different genera were collected from each district. After identification, the Hyalomma ticks were reared in laboratory under the influence of varying temperature and humidity.Results: The results showed highest prevalence (67%) of ticks in district Lahore. The highest prevalence (12%) of Hya­lomma ticks and lowest prevalence (3.1%) of Rhipicephalus in cattle was recorded. The bionomical study showed the high­est mean pre oviposition period was during spring while it was lowest in autumn .The mean oviposition period was also highest in spring . The incubation period of the ova of Hyalomma varied in different seasons. No oviposition was recorded at the temperature 100C and 85% humidity. The maximum number of eggs was laid at 340C and lowest egg production oc­curred at 150C. The maximum number of eggs hatched at 320C and 85% humidity.Conclusion: The variation in relative humidity had no appreciable effect on rate of development of ticks while the number of eggs laid increase with rise in temperature.