Association between demographic and radiographic characteristics of the schneiderian membrane and periapical and periodontal diseases using cone-beam computed tomography scanning: A retrospective study

Background. This study was undertaken to assess the pathological and spatial associations between periapical and peri-odontal diseases of the maxillary first molars and thickening of maxillary sinus mucosa with cone-beam computed tomo-graphy. Methods. A total of 132 CBCT images of subjects 20‒60 years of age were evaluated retrospectively. The patients' sex and age and demographic and pathologic findings of the maxillary sinus in the first molar area were recorded, graded and ana-lyzed. Results. Approximately 59% of patients were male and 41% were female, with no significant difference in the thickness of schneiderian membrane between males and females. Based on the periapical index scoring, the highest frequency was de-tected in group 1. Based on the results of ANOVA, there were no significant differences in the frequencies of endodon-tic‒periodontal lesions and an increase in schneiderian membrane thickness. There were significant relationships between periapical and periodontal infections (P<0.001) and schneiderian membrane thickness. Furthermore, a significant relation-ship was detected between the thickness of the schneiderian membrane and the distance between the sinus floor and the root apices (P=0.38). Conclusion. A retrospective inspection of CBCT imaging revealed that periapical lesions and periodontal infections in the posterior area of the maxilla were associated with thickening of the schneiderian membrane. In addition, there was a signifi-cant relationship between the location of maxillary posterior teeth, i.e. the thickness of bone from the root apex to the maxil-lary sinus floor, and schneiderian membrane thickness.