Impact of Ramadan fasting on energy intake and anthropometry of type 2 diabetics-Study in two regions of the central highlands and southeastern Algeria

Introduction:During the month of Ramadan, muslims change their lifestyle. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on the energy intake and anthropometry of type 2 diabetics. Methods:Epidemiological study by questionnaire were collected before (T0), during (T1) and after (T3) Ramadan 2013. The data were collected during medical consultations in sanitary establishments in two regions of the central highlands (Boussaâda) and the south-east of Algeria (Djamaâ). The survey card concerned a food recording and anthropometry repeated during the 3 time periods mentioned before. Results:The study concerned 476 diabetics (255 women, 221 men) with the mean age of 54.9±4.7 years old. 66.4% of diabetics of Boussaâda and 61.8% of Djamaâ followed nutritional education sessions preparing for fasting (p˃0.05). The number of fasting days during the month of Ramadan is 24.0±1.7days. By comparing both of the regions, no significant difference was observed in the energy intake distribution and in macronutriments of the diabetics (p>0.05). By comparing the 3 periods, the diabetics of Boussaâda had an energy intake significantly increased at T1 (p=0.000). In Djamaâ, the energy intake decreased from T0 to T2 (p=0.000). The energy distribution of macronutrients remained stable (p>0.05) between the three periods. Body mass index, waist circumference and the waist-to-hip ratio were significantly decreased from T0 to T2 (p<0.05). Conclusion:Ramadan had an influence on the energy intake and anthropometry of diabetics. Food consumed during the fast-breaking meal is characterized by its richness in carbohydrates and lipids. Nutritional education sessions provide the diabetic patients deciding to fast with a chance for properly managing their condition.