The Authoritative Governance in the Middle East an‎d the Process of “Transition to Democracy”

During past two decades, “Pass through a democratic status” gave attention by most Middle East analysts. In fact, since the early 1980s, The Middle East and The North of Africa affected by third wave of democratization effects and both state and society felt its impacts. Since, civil society has been promoting and strengthening, from one hand, and sovereign governments gradually withdrawal has begun, from the other. In a number of countries, this civil society strength with weakness and withdrawal of sovereign governments was so that made some ana-lysts optimists to the coming Middle East. However, during the time, it was revealed that the democracy in the states’ viewpoints was different from the Middle Eastern citizens’ democratic calls. Put it differently, the sovereign political elites sought for a democracy in which there was no changes in power relationships, and participation declined to a quantitative presence in elec-tions - with predictable results - as well. This led the writers and analysts to adopt more real and precise positions to obstacles of democratic transition. To better understanding, one should aware that, like any other social changes, this democratic transient, in each nation and country, requires proper subjective and /or objective conditions to achieve. Proper subjective grounds mean penetration of democratic thoughts and notions among peoples. Besides, Proper socio-economic conditions are very important and necessary; the increased and promoted middle-class and its independence of state is the most important indications of these objective situa-tions. Of course, these two positions is hard to reach, and it doesn’t mean that this democratic transition will be occurred so fast and simple, since, as evidently, the historical and cultural background might appear a rigid and hard obstacle - or on the contrary - shortens this process