Evaluation Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM) and Nano Zinc Oxide on Seed Yield and Dry Matter Remobilization of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Salinity Stress

This research was carried out to assessment agro physiological traits of bread wheat affected salinity stress, Nano zinc oxide and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi under greenhouse condition via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Experimental factors included salinity stress in three levels [no-salt (S0) or control, salinity 40 (S1), and 80 (S2) mM NaCl], Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at two level [no application (M0), application of arbuscular mycorrhiza (M1)] and nano zinc oxide at three levels [without nano zinc oxide as control (Zn0), application of 0.4 (Zn1) and 0.8 (Zn2) g.lit-1]. Result of analysis of variance showed effect of soil salinity, AM fungi and nano zinc oxide on dry matter remobilization from stem and shoots, contribution of remobilization from shoots to seed, stem reserve contribution in seed yield, chlorophyll index and seed yield was significant at 1% probability level. Also interaction effect of treatments on measured traits was not significant but effect of salinity, AM fungi and nano zinc oxide on seed yield was significant at 5% probability level. Mean comparison result revealed salinity stress decreased seed yield and chlorophyll index of wheat. But dry matter remobilization from shoots increased. The highest dry matter (0.198, 0.195 and 0.194 g per plant) and stem reserves remobilization to seeds (0.177, 0.175 and 0.177 g per plant) were observed in the highest salinity level and no application of AM fungi and nano zinc oxide, respectively. The results indicated that the highest (0.44 g per plant) seed yield was obtained from plants under low salinity level, AMF and 0.8 g.lit-1 nano zinc oxide. Generally, it was concluded that AM fungi and nano zinc oxide can be as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield under salinity condition.